Sporadic Renal Angiomyolipoma: Can We Adopt a Uniform Management Protocol?

Abstract Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs), formerly known as PEComas (tumors showing perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation) are common benign renal masses composed of a varying ratio fat, blood vessels, and smooth muscles. They largely asymptomatic diagnosed incidentally on imaging. The adipose tissue content is the factor that gives AMLs their characteristic appearance imaging makes them easily identifiable. However, fat-poor or fat-invisible varieties, which difficult to differentiate radiologically from carcinomas (RCCs), present diagnostic challenge. It thus essential establish diagnosis identify atypical hereditary cases they require more intense surveillance management due potential for malignant transformation. Multiple options available, ranging conservative approach embolization radical option nephrectomy. While indications intervention relatively clear aimed at rather small cohort, protocol follow-up remainder cohort forming majority not well established. discharge policies therefore vary between institutions even individual practitioners. We have reviewed literature an optimum pathway focusing typical AMLs.